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The subprime mortgage crisis is a current economic problem characterized by contracted liquidity in the global credit markets and banking system. An undervaluation of real risk in the subprime market ultimately resulted in cascades and ripple effects affecting the world economy generally.
The crisis began with the bursting of the US housing bubble and high default rates on "subprime" and adjustable rate mortgages (ARM). Loan incentives, such as easy initial terms, in conjunction with an acceleration in rising housing prices encouraged borrowers to assume difficult mortgages on the belief they would be able to quickly refinance at more favorable terms.
The mortgage lenders that retained credit risk (the risk of payment default) were the first to be affected, as borrowers became unable or unwilling to make payments. Major banks and other financial institutions around the world have reported losses of approximately U.S. $435 billion as of July 17, 2008.
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